Gerald P. Linette, MD, PhD, offers commentary on the pivotal shift in melanoma therapy from chemotherapy to immunotherapy early in this decade, in part as a result of the success of the immunotherapy program at Penn Medicine in leukemia led by Dr. Carl June and colleagues. A practicing oncologist, Dr. Linette describes instances of complete remission, but notes that the prevalence of cold tumors—lesions not recognized as foreign by the immune system—remain the principal challenge ahead. He then describes the personalized immunological and genomic efforts underway to unmask these tumors and provoke the immune system to eradicate them.

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